Africa: Clove Market 2025

Clove Market Size in Africa

In 2022, the African clove market was finally on the rise to reach $X for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year declining trend. Overall, consumption recorded tangible growth. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $X. From 2020 to 2022, the growth of the market failed to regain momentum.

Clove Production in Africa

In value terms, clove production shrank slightly to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. In general, production recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 15% against the previous year. As a result, production reached the peak level of $X. From 2015 to 2022, production growth remained at a lower figure.

The country with the largest volume of clove production was Madagascar (X tons), comprising approx. 57% of total volume. Moreover, clove production in Madagascar exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Tanzania (X tons), threefold. The third position in this ranking was held by Comoros (X tons), with a 16% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume in Madagascar was relatively modest. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Tanzania (+2.3% per year) and Comoros (+7.0% per year).

The average clove yield stood at X kg per ha in 2022, almost unchanged from 2021. Overall, the yield, however, showed a mild shrinkage. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 22%. The level of yield peaked at X kg per ha in 2012; however, from 2013 to 2022, the yield failed to regain momentum. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, the total area harvested in terms of cloves production in Africa shrank modestly to X ha, approximately mirroring the previous year. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +3.5% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 with an increase of 17%. The level of harvested area peaked at X ha in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the harvested area failed to regain momentum.

Clove Exports

Exports in Africa

After two years of growth, overseas shipments of cloves decreased by -14.5% to X tons in 2022. Over the period under review, exports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2020 with an increase of 66% against the previous year. The volume of export peaked at X tons in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the exports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, clove exports dropped to $X in 2022. Overall, exports continue to indicate a pronounced curtailment. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 61%. As a result, the exports attained the peak of $X. From 2018 to 2022, the growth of the exports failed to regain momentum.

Exports by Country

In 2022, Madagascar (X tons) represented the largest exporter of cloves, generating 74% of total exports. Tanzania (X tons) took a 16% share (based on physical terms) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by Comoros (8.9%).

Madagascar experienced a relatively flat trend pattern with regard to volume of exports of cloves. Tanzania (-3.1%) and Comoros (-6.0%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of Comoros (+8.9 p.p.) increased significantly in terms of the total exports from 2012-2022, the share of Tanzania (-6.8 p.p.) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Madagascar ($X) remains the largest clove supplier in Africa, comprising 68% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was held by Tanzania ($X), with a 25% share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in Madagascar stood at -3.8%. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Tanzania (-2.3% per year) and Comoros (-11.3% per year).

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the export price in Africa amounted to $X per ton, with an increase of 7.6% against the previous year. Overall, the export price, however, showed a pronounced downturn. The level of export peaked at $X per ton in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2022, the export prices failed to regain momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by country of origin: amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Tanzania ($X per ton), while Comoros ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Tanzania (+0.8%), while the other leaders experienced a decline in the export price figures.

Clove Imports

Imports in Africa

In 2022, purchases abroad of cloves decreased by -18.4% to X tons, falling for the second consecutive year after two years of growth. In general, imports, however, continue to indicate prominent growth. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 when imports increased by 70%. The volume of import peaked at X tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, imports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, clove imports reduced to $X in 2022. Over the period under review, imports, however, continue to indicate a resilient expansion. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 with an increase of 58% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at $X in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, imports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Imports by Country

The countries with the highest levels of clove imports in 2022 were Egypt (X tons), Nigeria (X tons), Ghana (X tons), Sudan (X tons), South Africa (X tons) and Ethiopia (X tons), together amounting to 68% of total import. Algeria (X tons) took the next position in the ranking, followed by Morocco (X tons) and Senegal (X tons). All these countries together held near 15% share of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Nigeria (with a CAGR of +35.8%), while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Egypt ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported cloves in Africa, comprising 27% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was held by Sudan ($X), with a 10% share of total imports. It was followed by Ghana, with a 9.4% share.

In Egypt, clove imports increased at an average annual rate of +12.4% over the period from 2012-2022. The remaining importing countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: Sudan (+19.6% per year) and Ghana (+37.6% per year).

Import Prices by Country

The import price in Africa stood at $X per ton in 2022, picking up by 12% against the previous year. Over the period from 2012 to 2022, it increased at an average annual rate of +2.3%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 an increase of 43%. As a result, import price attained the peak level of $X per ton. From 2019 to 2022, the import prices remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Morocco ($X per ton), while Nigeria ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Egypt (+11.9%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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