ASEAN: Garlic Market 2025

Garlic Market Size in ASEAN

The ASEAN garlic market was estimated at $X in 2022, leveling off at the previous year. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +3.3% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $X; afterwards, it flattened through to 2022.

Garlic Production in ASEAN

In value terms, garlic production amounted to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. Overall, production, however, recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2018 when the production volume increased by 14% against the previous year. The level of production peaked at $X in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, production failed to regain momentum.

Myanmar (X tons) constituted the country with the largest volume of garlic production, comprising approx. 61% of total volume. Moreover, garlic production in Myanmar exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Thailand (X tons), threefold. The third position in this ranking was held by Indonesia (X tons), with a 14% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in Myanmar was relatively modest. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Thailand (-1.0% per year) and Indonesia (+10.7% per year).

The average garlic yield reduced modestly to X tons per ha in 2022, dropping by -4.9% on the year before. Over the period under review, the yield saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2021 with an increase of 10% against the previous year. The level of yield peaked at X tons per ha in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2022, the yield stood at a somewhat lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

The garlic harvested area rose sharply to X ha in 2022, surging by 6.2% on the year before. Over the period under review, the harvested area showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2019 with an increase of 15% against the previous year. As a result, the harvested area reached the peak level of X ha. From 2020 to 2022, the growth of the garlic harvested area remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Garlic Exports

Exports in ASEAN

In 2022, shipments abroad of garlic decreased by -7.8% to X tons for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year rising trend. Total exports indicated a perceptible expansion from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.5% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2020 with an increase of 71% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports attained the peak figure at X tons in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the exports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, garlic exports dropped sharply to $X in 2022. In general, exports, however, posted a strong expansion. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when exports increased by 93%. The level of export peaked at $X in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Exports by Country

Malaysia was the major exporter of garlic in ASEAN, with the volume of exports amounting to X tons, which was near 73% of total exports in 2022. Singapore (X tons) held the second position in the ranking, followed by Vietnam (X tons) and Thailand (X tons). All these countries together held approx. 26% share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2022, average annual rates of growth with regard to garlic exports from Malaysia stood at +1.3%. At the same time, Thailand (+50.8%), Vietnam (+15.9%) and Singapore (+15.2%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Thailand emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in ASEAN, with a CAGR of +50.8% from 2012-2022. Singapore (+8.6 p.p.), Thailand (+5.8 p.p.) and Vietnam (+4.9 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while Malaysia saw its share reduced by -17.9% from 2012 to 2022, respectively.

In value terms, Malaysia ($X) remains the largest garlic supplier in ASEAN, comprising 58% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Vietnam ($X), with a 19% share of total exports. It was followed by Singapore, with a 14% share.

In Malaysia, garlic exports increased at an average annual rate of +7.6% over the period from 2012-2022. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Vietnam (+22.1% per year) and Singapore (+11.7% per year).

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the export price in ASEAN amounted to $X per ton, falling by -10.3% against the previous year. In general, the export price, however, continues to indicate a remarkable increase. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2016 an increase of 57%. The level of export peaked at $X per ton in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the export prices failed to regain momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Vietnam ($X per ton), while Malaysia ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Malaysia (+6.2%), while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the export price figures.

Garlic Imports

Imports in ASEAN

After two years of growth, overseas purchases of garlic decreased by -0.2% to X tons in 2022. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 when imports increased by 24% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at X tons in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2022, imports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, garlic imports contracted to $X in 2022. In general, imports, however, enjoyed a buoyant increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 when imports increased by 40%. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at $X in 2021, and then dropped in the following year.

Imports by Country

Indonesia was the main importer of garlic in ASEAN, with the volume of imports amounting to X tons, which was near 69% of total imports in 2022. It was distantly followed by Malaysia (X tons), generating a 19% share of total imports. Thailand (X tons), Vietnam (X tons) and Singapore (X tons) took a relatively small share of total imports.

Imports into Indonesia increased at an average annual rate of +3.7% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, Vietnam (+18.1%), Malaysia (+5.9%) and Singapore (+3.6%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Vietnam emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in ASEAN, with a CAGR of +18.1% from 2012-2022. Thailand experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. Malaysia (+2.6 p.p.) and Vietnam (+2.5 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total imports, while Thailand and Indonesia saw its share reduced by -1.9% and -4.1% from 2012 to 2022, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Indonesia ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported garlic in ASEAN, comprising 69% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was held by Malaysia ($X), with a 16% share of total imports. It was followed by Vietnam, with a 6.9% share.

In Indonesia, garlic imports increased at an average annual rate of +10.0% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Malaysia (+4.5% per year) and Vietnam (+21.8% per year).

Import Prices by Country

In 2022, the import price in ASEAN amounted to $X per ton, shrinking by -6.3% against the previous year. Import price indicated a perceptible expansion from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +4.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, garlic import price decreased by -8.4% against 2019 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2019 when the import price increased by 49% against the previous year. As a result, import price attained the peak level of $X per ton. From 2020 to 2022, the import prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Vietnam ($X per ton), while Thailand ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Indonesia (+6.1%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform