Central Asia: Barley Market 2025

Barley Market Size in Central Asia

The Central Asian barley market skyrocketed to $X in 2022, jumping by 15% against the previous year. The total consumption indicated a remarkable increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +5.9% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, consumption decreased by -5.2% against 2020 indices. The level of consumption peaked at $X in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, consumption failed to regain momentum.

Barley Production in Central Asia

In value terms, barley production dropped modestly to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. The total production indicated a remarkable increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +6.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, production decreased by -3.4% against 2019 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 with an increase of 68%. Over the period under review, production hit record highs at $X in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2022, production remained at a lower figure.

Kazakhstan (X tons) constituted the country with the largest volume of barley production, comprising approx. 81% of total volume. Moreover, barley production in Kazakhstan exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Kyrgyzstan (X tons), eightfold. Tajikistan (X tons) ranked third in terms of total production with a 4.6% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume in Kazakhstan stood at +7.3%. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Kyrgyzstan (+6.3% per year) and Tajikistan (+5.4% per year).

The average barley yield expanded sharply to X tons per ha in 2022, picking up by 13% compared with the previous year. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the yield increased by 44% against the previous year. The level of yield peaked at X tons per ha in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2022, the yield failed to regain momentum. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, the total area harvested in terms of barley production in Central Asia expanded markedly to X ha, growing by 12% compared with 2021. The total harvested area indicated a temperate increase from 2012 to 2022: its figure increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, barley harvested area decreased by -15.2% against 2019 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2018 when the harvested area increased by 18%. The level of harvested area peaked at X ha in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2022, the harvested area remained at a lower figure.

Barley Exports

Exports in Central Asia

After three years of decline, overseas shipments of barley increased by 7.7% to X tons in 2022. In general, exports saw a resilient increase. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 when exports increased by 213% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports reached the peak figure at X tons in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2022, the exports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, barley exports soared to $X in 2022. Over the period under review, exports enjoyed resilient growth. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2014 when exports increased by 136%. The level of export peaked at $X in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2022, the exports remained at a lower figure.

Exports by Country

Kazakhstan (X tons) represented roughly 99.9% of total exports in 2022.

Kazakhstan was also the fastest-growing in terms of the barley exports, with a CAGR of +9.5% from 2012 to 2022. The shares of the largest exporters remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Kazakhstan ($X) also remains the largest barley supplier in Central Asia.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value in Kazakhstan stood at +11.0%.

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the export price in Central Asia amounted to $X per ton, with an increase of 21% against the previous year. Export price indicated a mild increase from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, barley export price increased by +70.1% against 2017 indices. As a result, the export price reached the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

As there is only one major export destination, the average price level is determined by prices for Kazakhstan.

From 2012 to 2022, the rate of growth in terms of prices for Kazakhstan amounted to +1.3% per year.

Barley Imports

Imports in Central Asia

For the sixth consecutive year, Central Asia recorded growth in supplies from abroad of barley, which increased by 22% to X tons in 2022. In general, imports saw a resilient expansion. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 when imports increased by 1,204% against the previous year. The volume of import peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

In value terms, barley imports amounted to $X in 2022. Overall, imports recorded a remarkable increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 1,491% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs in 2022 and are likely to see gradual growth in years to come.

Imports by Country

Kazakhstan (X tons) and Uzbekistan (X tons) represented roughly 86% of total imports in 2022. It was distantly followed by Tajikistan (X tons), creating an 11% share of total imports. Kyrgyzstan (X tons) took a relatively small share of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Uzbekistan (with a CAGR of +26.1%), while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest barley importing markets in Central Asia were Kazakhstan ($X), Uzbekistan ($X) and Tajikistan ($X), with a combined 96% share of total imports.

In terms of the main importing countries, Uzbekistan, with a CAGR of +16.0%, saw the highest growth rate of the value of imports, over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The import price in Central Asia stood at $X per ton in 2022, with a decrease of -10.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the import price continues to indicate a pronounced decrease. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the import price increased by 42% against the previous year. As a result, import price reached the peak level of $X per ton. From 2014 to 2022, the import prices remained at a lower figure.

Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major importing countries. In 2022, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Kyrgyzstan ($X per ton) and Tajikistan ($X per ton), while Uzbekistan ($X per ton) and Kazakhstan ($X per ton) were amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Kyrgyzstan (+3.3%), while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the import price figures.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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