ECOWAS: Durum Wheat Market 2025

Durum Wheat Market Size in ECOWAS

In 2022, the ECOWAS durum wheat market decreased by -88.5% to $X for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year rising trend. Overall, consumption, however, recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the market reached the maximum level at $X in 2021, and then shrank remarkably in the following year.

Durum Wheat Production in ECOWAS

In value terms, durum wheat production reached $X in 2022 estimated in export price. Over the period under review, production recorded a noticeable slump. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 when the production volume increased by 70% against the previous year. The level of production peaked at $X in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2022, production failed to regain momentum.

The countries with the highest volumes of production in 2022 were Nigeria (X tons), Togo (X tons) and Liberia (X tons), together accounting for 80% of total production. Mali and Niger lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 18%.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Niger (with a CAGR of +3.6%), while production for the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the production figures.

The average durum wheat yield was estimated at X tons per ha in 2022, surging by 4.2% on 2021. Overall, the yield, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 with an increase of 37%. Over the period under review, the durum wheat yield reached the peak level at X tons per ha in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2022, the yield stood at a somewhat lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, approx. X ha of durum wheat were harvested in ECOWAS; with a decrease of -17% against the previous year. Overall, the harvested area continues to indicate a perceptible decline. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2021 with an increase of 51%. The level of harvested area peaked at X ha in 2012; however, from 2013 to 2022, the harvested area stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Durum Wheat Exports

Exports in ECOWAS

In 2022, approx. X tons of durum wheat were exported in ECOWAS; shrinking by -67.4% compared with 2021. Over the period under review, exports saw a abrupt decline. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2019 with an increase of 29,094% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports reached the maximum at X tons in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2022, the exports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, durum wheat exports fell dramatically to $X in 2022. In general, exports showed a abrupt descent. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2019 with an increase of 34,954%. The level of export peaked at $X in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2022, the exports failed to regain momentum.

Exports by Country

Senegal represented the main exporter of durum wheat in ECOWAS, with the volume of exports resulting at X tons, which was approx. 87% of total exports in 2022. It was distantly followed by Togo (X tons), making up a 12% share of total exports.

Senegal was also the fastest-growing in terms of the durum wheat exports, with a CAGR of +113.7% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, Togo (+4.2%) displayed positive paces of growth. From 2012 to 2022, the share of Senegal and Togo increased by +86 and +11 percentage points, while the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Senegal ($X) remains the largest durum wheat supplier in ECOWAS, comprising 76% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Togo ($X), with a 22% share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value in Senegal totaled +59.9%.

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the export price in ECOWAS amounted to $X per ton, dropping by -23.5% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the export price showed a mild contraction. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2013 when the export price increased by 170%. As a result, the export price attained the peak level of $X per ton. From 2014 to 2022, the export prices failed to regain momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by country of origin: amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Togo ($X per ton), while Senegal amounted to $X per ton.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Togo (+4.4%).

Durum Wheat Imports

Imports in ECOWAS

In 2022, supplies from abroad of durum wheat decreased by -85.9% to X tons for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year rising trend. In general, imports, however, continue to indicate temperate growth. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2015 with an increase of 300% against the previous year. The volume of import peaked at X tons in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, imports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, durum wheat imports dropped significantly to $X in 2022. Overall, imports, however, recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2015 when imports increased by 257% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at $X in 2021, and then reduced dramatically in the following year.

Imports by Country

Senegal dominates imports structure, finishing at X tons, which was approx. 73% of total imports in 2022. Ghana (X tons) took the second position in the ranking, followed by Nigeria (X tons). All these countries together held near 18% share of total imports. Guinea (X tons) and Cabo Verde (X tons) took a minor share of total imports.

Senegal was also the fastest-growing in terms of the durum wheat imports, with a CAGR of +44.9% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, Ghana (+7.3%) and Guinea (+1.9%) displayed positive paces of growth. By contrast, Cabo Verde (-2.6%) and Nigeria (-9.8%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of Senegal (+71 p.p.), Ghana (+3.8 p.p.) and Cabo Verde (+3.1 p.p.) increased significantly in terms of the total imports from 2012-2022, the share of Nigeria (-19.9 p.p.) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Senegal ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported durum wheat in ECOWAS, comprising 71% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was held by Nigeria ($X), with a 15% share of total imports. It was followed by Ghana, with a 5.2% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value in Senegal stood at +42.1%. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Nigeria (-6.2% per year) and Ghana (+0.5% per year).

Import Prices by Country

In 2022, the import price in ECOWAS amounted to $X per ton, shrinking by -45.1% against the previous year. In general, the import price showed a mild curtailment. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2018 when the import price increased by 86%. Over the period under review, import prices reached the maximum at $X per ton in 2021, and then reduced rapidly in the following year.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Nigeria ($X per ton), while Ghana ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Guinea (+8.9%), while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the import price figures.

Source: IndexBox Platform