EU: Garlic Market 2024

Garlic Market Size in the EU

After two years of growth, the EU garlic market decreased by -9.3% to $X in 2022. The total consumption indicated pronounced growth from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +3.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, consumption increased by +41.2% against 2019 indices. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $X, and then declined in the following year.

Garlic Production in the EU

In value terms, garlic production contracted to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. The total production indicated a tangible expansion from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +4.6% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, production increased by +37.3% against 2018 indices. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2016 with an increase of 28%. The level of production peaked at $X in 2021, and then fell in the following year.

The country with the largest volume of garlic production was Spain (X tons), accounting for 64% of total volume. Moreover, garlic production in Spain exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Romania (X tons), ninefold. Italy (X tons) ranked third in terms of total production with a 6.2% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume in Spain totaled +6.6%. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Romania (-6.3% per year) and Italy (+0.4% per year).

In 2022, the average yield of garlic in the European Union amounted to X tons per ha, remaining constant against 2021. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.5% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 14%. The level of yield peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, the total area harvested in terms of garlic production in the European Union shrank modestly to X ha, with a decrease of -3.1% compared with 2021 figures. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 with an increase of 11% against the previous year. The level of harvested area peaked at X ha in 2021, and then shrank in the following year.

Garlic Exports

Exports in the EU

In 2022, overseas shipments of garlic decreased by -6.5% to X tons, falling for the second consecutive year after two years of growth. Total exports indicated a prominent increase from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +5.2% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports decreased by -14.4% against 2020 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 when exports increased by 22% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports hit record highs at X tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, garlic exports fell notably to $X in 2022. Total exports indicated buoyant growth from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +5.3% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 with an increase of 50%. The level of export peaked at $X in 2021, and then dropped markedly in the following year.

Exports by Country

In 2022, Spain (X tons) represented the key exporter of garlic, committing 75% of total exports. The Netherlands (X tons) ranks second in terms of the total exports with a 13% share, followed by France (4.6%). Italy (X tons) took a relatively small share of total exports.

Spain was also the fastest-growing in terms of the garlic exports, with a CAGR of +7.1% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, the Netherlands (+4.3%) displayed positive paces of growth. France experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Italy (-4.7%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. Spain (+12 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while France and Italy saw its share reduced by -3.1% and -5.7% from 2012 to 2022, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Spain ($X) remains the largest garlic supplier in the European Union, comprising 69% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was held by the Netherlands ($X), with a 15% share of total exports. It was followed by France, with a 6.6% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value in Spain totaled +7.8%. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: the Netherlands (+5.6% per year) and France (-0.1% per year).

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the export price in the European Union amounted to $X per ton, which is down by -10.5% against the previous year. In general, the export price, however, recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2020 an increase of 27%. Over the period under review, the export prices attained the maximum at $X per ton in 2021, and then shrank in the following year.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Italy ($X per ton), while Spain ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Italy (+1.5%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Garlic Imports

Imports in the EU

In 2022, garlic imports in the European Union reduced to X tons, which is down by -6.9% on 2021 figures. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2020 when imports increased by 21%. As a result, imports reached the peak of X tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of imports remained at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, garlic imports dropped sharply to $X in 2022. Total imports indicated a notable increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 with an increase of 50%. The level of import peaked at $X in 2021, and then declined markedly in the following year.

Imports by Country

France (X tons), Italy (X tons), the Netherlands (X tons) and Germany (X tons) represented roughly 57% of total imports in 2022. Poland (X tons) took the next position in the ranking, followed by Portugal (X tons). All these countries together took approx. 14% share of total imports. The following importers - the Czech Republic (X tons), Spain (X tons), Belgium (X tons), Romania (X tons), Austria (X tons), Sweden (X tons) and Denmark (X tons) - together made up 19% of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Poland (with a CAGR of +11.7%), while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($X), France ($X) and Italy ($X) appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2022, together comprising 49% of total imports. The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Austria, Denmark, Spain and Romania lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 41%.

Romania, with a CAGR of +11.2%, recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The import price in the European Union stood at $X per ton in 2022, shrinking by -12.9% against the previous year. In general, the import price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 an increase of 33% against the previous year. The level of import peaked at $X per ton in 2021, and then shrank in the following year.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Sweden ($X per ton), while Portugal ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Denmark (+3.2%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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