EU: Grain Market 2025

Grain Market Size in the EU

The EU grain market expanded remarkably to $X in 2022, surging by X% against the previous year. Overall, consumption showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2019 with an increase of X%. The level of consumption peaked at $X in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2022, consumption failed to regain momentum.

Grain Production in the EU

In value terms, grain production reduced slightly to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. Over the period under review, production recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the production volume increased by X%. As a result, production attained the peak level of $X. From 2014 to 2022, production growth remained at a lower figure.

The countries with the highest volumes of production in 2022 were France (X tons), Germany (X tons) and Poland (X tons), together accounting for X% of total production. Spain, Romania, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Austria lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further X%.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Romania (with a CAGR of X%), while production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In 2022, the average grain yield in the European Union shrank modestly to X tons per ha, which is down by X% on the previous year. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of X% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2013 with an increase of X% against the previous year. The level of yield peaked at X tons per ha in 2021, and then shrank in the following year. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, approx. X ha of grain were harvested in the European Union; leveling off at the previous year's figure. In general, the harvested area, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2019 with an increase of X% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to grain production reached the maximum at X ha in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2022, the harvested area stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Grain Exports

Exports in the EU

In 2022, overseas shipments of grain decreased by X% to X tons, falling for the second year in a row after two years of growth. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of X% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 with an increase of X%. The volume of export peaked at X tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, grain exports soared to $X in 2022. Total exports indicated a temperate increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports increased by X% against 2017 indices. As a result, the exports reached the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Exports by Country

In 2022, France (X tons) represented the major exporter of grain, achieving X% of total exports. Romania (X tons) held the second position in the ranking, followed by Germany (X tons), Poland (X tons), Bulgaria (X tons) and Hungary (X tons). All these countries together held approx. X% share of total exports. Lithuania (X tons), the Czech Republic (X tons), Latvia (X tons), Slovakia (X tons) and Croatia (X tons) took a relatively small share of total exports.

Exports from France increased at an average annual rate of X% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, Poland (X%), Croatia (X%), Romania (X%), Slovakia (X%), Latvia (X%), Lithuania (X%), Bulgaria (X%) and the Czech Republic (X%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Poland emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the European Union, with a CAGR of X% from 2012-2022. Germany experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Hungary (X%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. Poland (X p.p.) and Romania (X p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while Germany, Hungary and France saw its share reduced by X%, X% and X% from 2012 to 2022, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, France ($X) remains the largest grain supplier in the European Union, comprising X% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Romania ($X), with a X% share of total exports. It was followed by Germany, with a X% share.

In France, grain exports increased at an average annual rate of X% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Romania (X% per year) and Germany (X% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The export price in the European Union stood at $X per ton in 2022, increasing by X% against the previous year. Export price indicated modest growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, grain export price increased by X% against 2020 indices. As a result, the export price reached the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, major exporting countries recorded the following prices: in Hungary ($X per ton) and France ($X per ton), while the Czech Republic ($X per ton) and Latvia ($X per ton) were amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Hungary (X%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Grain Imports

Imports in the EU

After two years of decline, supplies from abroad of grain increased by X% to X tons in 2022. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of X% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 when imports increased by X% against the previous year. The volume of import peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

In value terms, grain imports surged to $X in 2022. Total imports indicated a temperate expansion from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports increased by X% against 2018 indices. As a result, imports attained the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Imports by Country

The countries with the highest levels of grain imports in 2022 were Spain (X tons), Italy (X tons), the Netherlands (X tons), Germany (X tons) and Belgium (X tons), together recording X% of total import. Portugal (X tons), Poland (X tons), Austria (X tons), Romania (X tons), Hungary (X tons), Ireland (X tons) and Greece (X tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Hungary (with a CAGR of X%), while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Spain ($X), Italy ($X) and the Netherlands ($X) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2022, together comprising X% of total imports. Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Poland, Austria, Romania, Hungary, Ireland and Greece lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further X%.

Hungary, with a CAGR of X%, recorded the highest growth rate of the value of imports, among the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

In 2022, the import price in the European Union amounted to $X per ton, with an increase of X% against the previous year. Import price indicated a modest increase from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, grain import price increased by X% against 2016 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2021 when the import price increased by X% against the previous year. The level of import peaked in 2022 and is likely to see gradual growth in the near future.

Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major importing countries. In 2022, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Greece ($X per ton) and Austria ($X per ton), while Poland ($X per ton) and the Netherlands ($X per ton) were amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Austria (X%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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