Europe: Durum Wheat Market 2025

Durum Wheat Market Size in Europe

In 2022, the Europe durum wheat market decreased by -0.8% to $X, falling for the second consecutive year after two years of growth. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The level of consumption peaked at $X in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Durum Wheat Production in Europe

In value terms, durum wheat production rose to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. In general, production, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2019 with an increase of 19% against the previous year. The level of production peaked at $X in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2022, production failed to regain momentum.

The country with the largest volume of durum wheat production was Russia (X tons), comprising approx. 31% of total volume. Moreover, durum wheat production in Russia exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, France (X tons), twofold. Ukraine (X tons) ranked third in terms of total production with an 11% share.

In Russia, durum wheat production expanded at an average annual rate of +7.9% over the period from 2012-2022. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: France (-1.3% per year) and Ukraine (+6.1% per year).

In 2022, the average yield of durum wheat in Europe declined modestly to X tons per ha, which is down by -1.6% on the previous year. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 with an increase of 10% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the durum wheat yield hit record highs at X tons per ha in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the yield stood at a somewhat lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

The durum wheat harvested area contracted to X ha in 2022, approximately reflecting the year before. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.3% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 when the harvested area increased by 5.4%. The level of harvested area peaked at X ha in 2021, and then contracted modestly in the following year.

Durum Wheat Exports

Exports in Europe

In 2022, after two years of decline, there was significant growth in shipments abroad of durum wheat, when their volume increased by 24% to X tons. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.0% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2013 with an increase of 33%. As a result, the exports attained the peak of X tons. From 2014 to 2022, the growth of the exports remained at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, durum wheat exports skyrocketed to $X in 2022. Total exports indicated noticeable growth from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.4% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports increased by +94.3% against 2018 indices. As a result, the exports attained the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Exports by Country

France (X tons), the Czech Republic (X tons), Poland (X tons) and Slovakia (X tons) represented roughly 60% of total exports in 2022. Greece (X tons) held a 7% share (based on physical terms) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by Spain (5.6%) and Italy (5.6%). The following exporters - Russia (X tons), Romania (X tons), Belarus (X tons), Ukraine (X tons) and Denmark (X tons) - together made up 14% of total exports.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Belarus (with a CAGR of +45.6%), while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, France ($X), the Czech Republic ($X) and Poland ($X) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2022, together comprising 47% of total exports. Slovakia, Greece, Italy, Spain, Romania, Russia, Denmark, Belarus and Ukraine lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 45%.

In terms of the main exporting countries, Belarus, with a CAGR of +35.1%, recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of exports, over the period under review, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The export price in Europe stood at $X per ton in 2022, with an increase of 21% against the previous year. Export price indicated a slight increase from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, durum wheat export price increased by +81.2% against 2016 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2021 when the export price increased by 23%. The level of export peaked in 2022 and is likely to see gradual growth in years to come.

Prices varied noticeably by country of origin: amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Italy ($X per ton), while Belarus ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Italy (+4.6%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Durum Wheat Imports

Imports in Europe

In 2022, overseas purchases of durum wheat decreased by -27.1% to X tons, falling for the second consecutive year after two years of growth. In general, imports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 with an increase of 36% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at X tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, imports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, durum wheat imports fell to $X in 2022. Total imports indicated a perceptible increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports increased by +58.3% against 2018 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2020 when imports increased by 30%. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at $X in 2021, and then contracted modestly in the following year.

Imports by Country

Italy was the main importer of durum wheat in Europe, with the volume of imports recording X tons, which was near 44% of total imports in 2022. Spain (X tons) held the second position in the ranking, followed by Germany (X tons) and Belgium (X tons). All these countries together took near 25% share of total imports. Portugal (X tons), Russia (X tons), Poland (X tons), the Netherlands (X tons), Austria (X tons), Greece (X tons) and Luxembourg (X tons) took a relatively small share of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, average annual rates of growth with regard to durum wheat imports into Italy stood at +1.9%. At the same time, Austria (+6.0%), Russia (+5.4%), Poland (+4.1%), Luxembourg (+3.6%), Spain (+2.5%) and Greece (+1.2%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Austria emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in Europe, with a CAGR of +6.0% from 2012-2022. Germany and Portugal experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, the Netherlands (-6.2%) and Belgium (-8.6%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of Italy (+7.6 p.p.) and Spain (+2.8 p.p.) increased significantly in terms of the total imports from 2012-2022, the share of the Netherlands (-2.1 p.p.) and Belgium (-7.4 p.p.) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Italy ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported durum wheat in Europe, comprising 50% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Spain ($X), with an 11% share of total imports. It was followed by Germany, with a 6.8% share.

In Italy, durum wheat imports increased at an average annual rate of +4.9% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Spain (+4.1% per year) and Germany (+1.5% per year).

Import Prices by Country

In 2022, the import price in Europe amounted to $X per ton, increasing by 32% against the previous year. Import price indicated pronounced growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, durum wheat import price increased by +70.5% against 2019 indices. As a result, import price reached the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Italy ($X per ton), while the Netherlands ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Poland (+3.8%), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform