Poland: Wheat Market 2025

Wheat Market Size in Poland

In 2022, the Polish wheat market increased by 8.8% to $X for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year declining trend. Overall, consumption, however, saw a mild shrinkage. Over the period under review, the market attained the maximum level at $X in 2012; however, from 2013 to 2022, consumption stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Wheat Production in Poland

In value terms, wheat production rose remarkably to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. Over the period under review, production saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2020 when the production volume increased by 24%. Wheat production peaked at $X in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2022, production stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In 2022, the average yield of wheat in Poland rose to X tons per ha, picking up by 2.6% compared with the previous year's figure. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.1% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 with an increase of 22%. As a result, the yield reached the peak level of X tons per ha. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of the average wheat yield remained at a lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

The wheat harvested area in Poland totaled X ha in 2022, approximately reflecting the year before. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 when the harvested area increased by 9.4% against the previous year. The wheat harvested area peaked at X ha in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2022, the harvested area stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Wheat Exports

Exports from Poland

In 2022, the amount of wheat exported from Poland was estimated at X tons, remaining stable against the previous year's figure. In general, exports recorded a prominent increase. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2020 when exports increased by 126%. As a result, the exports attained the peak of X tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of the exports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, wheat exports soared to $X in 2022. Overall, exports posted prominent growth. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2020 when exports increased by 142% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the exports reached the peak figure in 2022 and are likely to continue growth in years to come.

Exports by Country

Germany (X tons) was the main destination for wheat exports from Poland, with a 32% share of total exports. Moreover, wheat exports to Germany exceeded the volume sent to the second major destination, Nigeria (X tons), threefold. South Africa (X tons) ranked third in terms of total exports with a 7% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume to Germany totaled +8.2%. Exports to the other major destinations recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Nigeria (+59.5% per year) and South Africa (+13.5% per year).

In value terms, Germany ($X) remains the key foreign market for wheat exports from Poland, comprising 31% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Nigeria ($X), with a 12% share of total exports. It was followed by South Africa, with a 7.3% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value to Germany totaled +10.6%. Exports to the other major destinations recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Nigeria (+65.1% per year) and South Africa (+21.3% per year).

Export Prices by Country

In 2022, the average wheat export price amounted to $X per ton, increasing by 39% against the previous year. Overall, export price indicated modest growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +1.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, wheat export price increased by +70.0% against 2018 indices. As a result, the export price attained the peak level and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Average prices varied noticeably for the major external markets. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the countries with the highest prices were Portugal ($X per ton) and South Africa ($X per ton), while the average price for exports to Angola ($X per ton) and Congo ($X per ton) were amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was recorded for supplies to Congo (+10.8%), while the prices for the other major destinations experienced more modest paces of growth.

Wheat Imports

Imports into Poland

In 2022, approx. X tons of wheat were imported into Poland; rising by 56% against the previous year. In general, total imports indicated a temperate expansion from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports increased by +71.7% against 2019 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 with an increase of 66% against the previous year. Over the period under review, imports reached the maximum in 2022 and are likely to see steady growth in years to come.

In value terms, wheat imports soared to $X in 2022. Overall, imports continue to indicate notable growth. As a result, imports reached the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Imports by Country

In 2022, Ukraine (X tons) constituted the largest wheat supplier to Poland, accounting for a 55% share of total imports. Moreover, wheat imports from Ukraine exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest supplier, the Czech Republic (X tons), threefold. Slovakia (X tons) ranked third in terms of total imports with a 19% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume from Ukraine amounted to +278.9%. The remaining supplying countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: the Czech Republic (-2.3% per year) and Slovakia (+3.4% per year).

In value terms, Ukraine ($X) constituted the largest supplier of wheat to Poland, comprising 45% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was held by the Czech Republic ($X), with a 22% share of total imports. It was followed by Slovakia, with a 22% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value from Ukraine totaled +270.2%. The remaining supplying countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: the Czech Republic (+0.5% per year) and Slovakia (+6.1% per year).

Import Prices by Country

In 2022, the average wheat import price amounted to $X per ton, rising by 11% against the previous year. Overall, the import price showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 when the average import price increased by 32%. Over the period under review, average import prices reached the maximum in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major supplying countries. In 2022, amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Germany ($X per ton), while the price for Ukraine ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Hungary (+3.4%), while the prices for the other major suppliers experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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