Turkey: Wheat Market 2025

Wheat Market Size in Turkey

The Turkish wheat market was finally on the rise to reach $X in 2022, after two years of decline. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.1% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. As a result, consumption attained the peak level of $X. From 2020 to 2022, the growth of the market failed to regain momentum.

Wheat Production in Turkey

In value terms, wheat production reduced slightly to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. In general, the total production indicated mild growth from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +1.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, production decreased by -3.1% against 2019 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 with an increase of 54%. As a result, production reached the peak level of $X. From 2015 to 2022, production growth remained at a somewhat lower figure.

The average yield of wheat in Turkey rose significantly to X tons per ha in 2022, increasing by 5.7% compared with the previous year's figure. Overall, the yield recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 when the yield increased by 19% against the previous year. The wheat yield peaked at X tons per ha in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the yield stood at a somewhat lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, the total area harvested in terms of wheat production in Turkey reached X ha, surging by 2.2% against 2021 figures. Over the period under review, the harvested area, however, showed a slight decline. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 with an increase of 3% against the previous year. The wheat harvested area peaked at X ha in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2022, the harvested area failed to regain momentum.

Wheat Exports

Exports from Turkey

In 2022, overseas shipments of wheat increased by 53% to X tons, rising for the second consecutive year after three years of decline. Over the period under review, exports showed strong growth. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 with an increase of 112% against the previous year. The exports peaked in 2022 and are expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

In value terms, wheat exports skyrocketed to $X in 2022. In general, exports saw strong growth. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2021 when exports increased by 147%. Over the period under review, the exports reached the peak figure in 2022 and are expected to retain growth in years to come.

Exports by Country

Iraq (X tons) was the main destination for wheat exports from Turkey, accounting for a 49% share of total exports. Moreover, wheat exports to Iraq exceeded the volume sent to the second major destination, Syrian Arab Republic (X tons), twofold. Italy (X tons) ranked third in terms of total exports with a 10% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume to Iraq amounted to +51.7%. Exports to the other major destinations recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Syrian Arab Republic (0.0% per year) and Italy (+4.4% per year).

In value terms, Iraq ($X) remains the key foreign market for wheat exports from Turkey, comprising 45% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Syrian Arab Republic ($X), with an 18% share of total exports. It was followed by Italy, with a 13% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of value to Iraq stood at +48.9%. Exports to the other major destinations recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Syrian Arab Republic (0.0% per year) and Italy (+4.9% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The average wheat export price stood at $X per ton in 2022, with an increase of 16% against the previous year. Overall, export price indicated a pronounced increase from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, wheat export price increased by +55.4% against 2017 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2014 when the average export price increased by 59%. As a result, the export price reached the peak level of $X per ton. From 2015 to 2022, the average export prices remained at a lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices for the major export markets. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Spain ($X per ton), while the average price for exports to Syrian Arab Republic ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was recorded for supplies to Spain (+17.1%), while the prices for the other major destinations experienced more modest paces of growth.

Wheat Imports

Imports into Turkey

In 2022, supplies from abroad of wheat increased by 0.3% to X tons for the first time since 2019, thus ending a two-year declining trend. In general, imports posted resilient growth. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2019 when imports increased by 68%. As a result, imports reached the peak of X tons. From 2020 to 2022, the growth of imports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, wheat imports skyrocketed to $X in 2022. Over the period under review, imports enjoyed a strong expansion. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2019 with an increase of 75%. Imports peaked in 2022 and are likely to see gradual growth in the immediate term.

Imports by Country

In 2022, Russia (X tons) constituted the largest supplier of wheat to Turkey, accounting for a 71% share of total imports. Moreover, wheat imports from Russia exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest supplier, Ukraine (X tons), threefold. Kazakhstan (X tons) ranked third in terms of total imports with a 0.7% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume from Russia totaled +10.0%. The remaining supplying countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: Ukraine (+31.6% per year) and Kazakhstan (-23.4% per year).

In value terms, Russia ($X) constituted the largest supplier of wheat to Turkey, comprising 71% of total imports. The second position in the ranking was taken by Ukraine ($X), with a 22% share of total imports. It was followed by Kazakhstan, with a 0.8% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of value from Russia totaled +12.7%. The remaining supplying countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: Ukraine (+33.3% per year) and Kazakhstan (-20.2% per year).

Import Prices by Country

The average wheat import price stood at $X per ton in 2022, rising by 24% against the previous year. Overall, import price indicated a moderate expansion from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, wheat import price increased by +79.5% against 2016 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2021 an increase of 24%. Over the period under review, average import prices hit record highs in 2022 and is likely to continue growth in the near future.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major supplying countries. In 2022, amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Canada ($X per ton), while the price for Ukraine ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Kazakhstan (+4.3%), while the prices for the other major suppliers experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :