Global Clove Market 2025

Clove Market Size

The global clove market was estimated at $X in 2022, picking up by 3.8% against the previous year. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +3.3% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations in certain years. Global consumption peaked in 2022 and is likely to see gradual growth in years to come.

Clove Production

In value terms, clove production shrank slightly to $X in 2022 estimated in export price. The total output value increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2018 when the production volume increased by 35% against the previous year. As a result, production reached the peak level of $X. From 2019 to 2022, global production growth remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Indonesia (X tons) remains the largest clove producing country worldwide, comprising approx. 70% of total volume. Moreover, clove production in Indonesia exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Madagascar (X tons), sixfold. Tanzania (X tons) ranked third in terms of total production with a 4.3% share.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in Indonesia stood at +3.6%. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Madagascar (+0.4% per year) and Tanzania (+2.3% per year).

In 2022, the global average yield of cloves fell to X kg per ha, leveling off at 2021 figures. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 12% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the average clove yield hit record highs at X kg per ha in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the yield remained at a lower figure. Despite the increased use of modern agricultural techniques and methods, future yield figures may still be impacted by adverse weather conditions.

In 2022, the global harvested area of cloves amounted to X ha, almost unchanged from the previous year. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 with an increase of 5.1% against the previous year. The global harvested area peaked at X ha in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the harvested area remained at a lower figure.

Clove Exports

Exports

In 2022, approx. X tons of cloves were exported worldwide; which is down by -16.6% on the previous year's figure. Over the period under review, total exports indicated a mild increase from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports decreased by -36.8% against 2020 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 with an increase of 56%. As a result, the exports attained the peak of X tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of the global exports remained at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, clove exports expanded modestly to $X in 2022. In general, exports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 37% against the previous year. As a result, the exports attained the peak of $X. From 2018 to 2022, the growth of the global exports failed to regain momentum.

Exports by Country

Madagascar represented the largest exporting country with an export of about X tons, which accounted for 34% of total exports. Singapore (X tons) held a 19% share (based on physical terms) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by Indonesia (17%) and Tanzania (7.6%). Comoros (X tons), Sri Lanka (X tons), India (X tons) and Brazil (X tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Brazil (with a CAGR of +17.6%), while shipments for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Madagascar ($X), Singapore ($X) and Indonesia ($X) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2022, together accounting for 66% of global exports. Tanzania, Sri Lanka, India, Comoros and Brazil lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 24%.

Brazil, with a CAGR of +18.2%, recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of exports, in terms of the main exporting countries over the period under review, while shipments for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The average clove export price stood at $X per ton in 2022, picking up by 22% against the previous year. In general, the export price, however, recorded a perceptible downturn. The global export price peaked at $X per ton in 2012; however, from 2013 to 2022, the export prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Tanzania ($X per ton), while Comoros ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Indonesia (+5.0%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Clove Imports

Imports

In 2022, approx. X tons of cloves were imported worldwide; shrinking by -3.7% against 2021 figures. Over the period under review, total imports indicated a buoyant expansion from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +5.1% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports decreased by -7.1% against 2020 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2020 with an increase of 46% against the previous year. As a result, imports reached the peak of X tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of global imports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, clove imports expanded rapidly to $X in 2022. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +2.5% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2020 with an increase of 32%. Global imports peaked in 2022 and are expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

Imports by Country

In 2022, India (X tons), distantly followed by Singapore (X tons), the United Arab Emirates (X tons) and China (X tons) were the key importers of cloves, together creating 57% of total imports. The following importers - Indonesia (X tons), the United States (X tons), Saudi Arabia (X tons), Bangladesh (X tons), Malaysia (X tons), Pakistan (X tons), Iraq (X tons), the Netherlands (X tons) and Germany (X tons) - together made up 22% of total imports.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the key importing countries, was attained by Iraq (with a CAGR of +64.1%), while imports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest clove importing markets worldwide were India ($X), Singapore ($X) and the United Arab Emirates ($X), together accounting for 54% of global imports. Indonesia, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Germany, China, Pakistan, the Netherlands and Iraq lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 25%.

Iraq, with a CAGR of +39.1%, recorded the highest growth rate of the value of imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The average clove import price stood at $X per ton in 2022, increasing by 11% against the previous year. In general, the import price, however, recorded a perceptible decrease. Over the period under review, average import prices hit record highs at $X per ton in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2022, import prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2022, amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was Indonesia ($X per ton), while China ($X per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Pakistan (+9.2%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox Platform

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